Could Rome Have Risen Without Slavery?

Rome was rising to power fast. They had just about everything: People, land, good government, but one major thing that helped them was slavery. Slaves were owned by the Romans to do tasks that were needed to be done. If the Romans did not have slaves they could not have risen to power.
Romans relied on their slaves on too much to do their work for them (Madden). The slaves that the Romans owned were mostly prisoners from war that they took back with them (Madden). Infants born by a slave were also automatically considered a slave (Madden).For work, the Romans relied on the male slaves to do the hard work, like mining, unloading docks, and in building (Madden). The female slaves were used for cooking, weaving, and cloth making (Madden). With the slaves doing this work, the Romans could focus on doing their own thing to help them rise to become more powerful.
There were, however, problems with the slaves that could have been avoided if they were fixed in the right way. The Romans obtained slaves after Carthage collapsed (Diodorus). From getting the slaves, they immediately branded them to make them theirs (Diodorus).. As a result of this, the Servile War broke out (Diodorus). Some other causes for the revolt were the following: slaves were granted limited food and clothing, and they were being beaten for the work they did (Diodorus). If the Romans were nice and kind to their slaves for doing the work they are doing for them, the slaves would have been more willing to work. Instead, the Romans beat the slaves and did not give them a sufficient amount of items to survive well with. As a result, the slaves revolted and killed their masters to get away from all the hardships (Diodorus). The revolts affected the kingships greatly. One king, Eunus, killed slaves that were a part of a revolt (Diodorus). The king should have tried to figure out their problems instead of executing them. The Romans treated the slaves horribly.
Romans were also not fair to their slaves that they owned. It shows in the story of “The murder of Pedanius Secundus”. It says, “…One of his slaves killed…either because he was denied freedom when he had paid his agreed price or…”( Tacitus) It goes on to tell us what the senators think of the death. It shows us, though, that other slave masters did this act to their slaves that they owned. It is unfair and unjust. If the Romans were trustworthy to their slaves and offered them their freedom then they would have been more willing to help the Roman that they are working under and the Romans would not have to deal with worrying about the slave revolts.
The Romans were cruel and nasty to the slaves that they inherited to the war. The slaves caused multiple revolts that the Romans then had to deal with. If the Romans treated the slaves like human beings there would not have been as many problems.

Review Notes 3/22

Sumeria

• Sumerians had first form of writing


• Code of Hammurabi is the first modified code


• Zygerat is a temple


• Described place where the Garden of Edan was in Mesopotamia ("Country between 2 rivers")


• The rivers create an oasis


• Tel- tells you that there is something to dig for

Egypt

• Cared a lot about death


• Put a lot of money into making death good


• The Pharaoh was God on earth- controlled necessary flood of the Nile


• Believed in the Ka


• After you die, your Ka hung around a while to see if it survived to afterlife


• Organs taken out except the heartand the body was mummified


• The Nile floods and creates an Iluvial plane (plane fed by freshwater) and creates good farmland


• When it floods, it tears apart the land, so it brings sediments and freshwater

Minoans

• Had to sacrafice people to Minotaur until Thesus killed it


• Volcano (Thera) blew up and creates a large cloud that makes the crops stop growing


• Crete goes through a steady decline

Good vs Bad

Many people sometimes have a hard time distinguishing who the good guys are and who the bad guys are. It is a matter of the act they perform and how they perform it. The good guys are always the hero and the bad guys are always well, the bad guy. The bad guy may think the act he is doing is good, but to everyone else it is bad. In history, there are many, many good and bad guys that have either helped their country or ruined their city.

Charlemagne was one of the good guys. He inherited Western Europe from his brother who had just died ("Historical"). Charlemagne inherited the kingdom when the kingdom was falling. Everyone had forgotten about education and the arts ("Historical"). Charlemagne decided to conquer barbarians and restore the culture of the kingdom ("Historical"). To strengthen the kingdom, he decided to go on a thirty-year campaign to conquer people and convert them to Christianity ("Historical"). Charlemagne’s campaigns were very peaceful and he avoided fighting as much as possible unless the victims were resisting ("Historical"). After all of his campaigns, Charlemagne’s kingdom reached France, Switzerland, Belgium, The Netherlands, half of present-day Italy and Germany, some of Austria, and the Spanish March ("Historical"). By conquering all of these places he created a central government in Western Europe and revived most of the Roman Empire ("Historical"). Because Charlemagne was such a great leader, he was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III ("Historical"). After he became emperor, he made sure he helped the peasants and one's who weren't as wealthy ("Historical"). Two of Charlemagne's major achievements were spreading Christianity and education to everyone and not just the wealthy people ("Historical"). Charlemagne also brought back the arts by bringing art pieces from Italy and putting them in his Cathedral that he built ("Historical").

Vikings were considered the bad guys who went around killing everyone that they wanted. Everyone hated the Vikings because they just went around killing people. To the Vikings, the raids were normal and were usually done when there were problems in their society ("Hurstwic"). The Vikings also thought that the raids they performed were honorable and made them to be more wealthy and famous ("Hurstwic"). To obtain the items they wanted from the people they might burn down their house to take the goods they had that were reasonable to take on their ships ("Hurstwic"). The Vikings also took people has "loot" when they went on raids ("Hurstwic"). The first major Viking raid was against a monastery in Lindisfarne ("Hurstwic"). The Vikings knew that the people of the monastery could not defend themselves, so they attacked it. The monastery had a lot of money and valuable items, so the Vikings attacked them to get the wealth. ("Hurstwic"). Most of the attacks made by the Vikings were on the victims who could not really defend themselves ("Hurstwic"). The only real reasons that the Vikings raided was for fame, fortune, and revenge ("Hurstwic"). The raids left many people killed and places in ruins. The Vikings only raided for their pure pleasure to obtain the three achievements of fame, fortune, and revenge.

History is formed by all the good people and the bad people of the world. They have all shaped history to be how it is today. The good guys help most everyone around them to better, like Charlemagne giving everyone a chance to excel at learning. The bad guys, like the Vikings, have their stretch, but then it eventualy ends. The bad guys, however, do bad things to change the world, but there are always good guys to help balance it out.


"The Historical Charlemagne." UCLA Humanities Web Server. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/Santiago/histchrl.html

"Hurstwic: Viking Raids." Hurstwic, a Viking Age Living History Society. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. http://www.hurstwic.org/history/text/history.htm

"File:Charlemagne.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charlemagne.jpg

Gibbon/Arnold

6. Required Daily (from last unit): Summarize and Compare Gibbon to Toynbee on the End of the Roman Empire.
Gibbons, in his observations, thinks that the fall of Rome was going to happen anyway and he does not understand why it lasted as long as it did. By splitting up the empire, with Constantine in the east and emperors in the west it was dangerous. Constantinople, helped to try and preserve the empire, but it didn't help the west. Gibbons also blames the fall on Christianity. He believes that people were to focused on religion and which one is the right religion. Arnold doesn't believe what Gibbons says about Christianity. He thinks that the fall of the empire was before Christ not after him. Arnold thinks that the civilization made themselves fall. He thinks that if they were not full of themselves than they would have succeeded.


"Medieval Sourcebook: Gibbon: The Fall of the Roman Empire." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 18 Mar. 2010. .

"Arnold Toynbee - Christianity and Civilization." Welcome to MYRIOBIBLOS - The Etext Library of the Church of Greece. Web. 18 Mar. 2010. .

"File:Edward Gibbon.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 18 Mar. 2010. .

Charlemagne

5. Give three examples of Charlemagne's influence in the architecture or literature of the Early Middle Ages.

At dinner Charlemagne read books or listened to music. A book he really liked was "The City of God" written by St.Augustine. Charlemagne also took grammar lessons and other types of lessons like dialects and astronomy. He loved the Church of St.Peter and the Apostle of Rome that he gave it gold and precious stones. The art made was mostly for the monasteries. He wanted to make this church better than any other church. Most of the architecture of the time was just like Roman architecture.





"Medieval Sourcebook: Einhard: Life of Charlemagne." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 18 Mar. 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/einhard1.html

"Carolingian Art - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia." Ow.ly - Shorten Urls, Share Files and Track Visits - Owly. Web. 18 Mar. 2010. http://ow.ly/1nOX3

"Carolingian Architecture - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia." Ow.ly - Shorten Urls, Share Files and Track Visits - Owly. Web. 18 Mar. 2010. .

Viking Creation Story

The vikings believe that there were 9 worlds: The gods, the elves, the fire, the ice, the giants, the dead, and the dark elves, the dwarfs, and where they lived. There used to be no earth and no grass,but then Bur's son lifted earth and Midgarth was created. There was sun from the south and the moon didn't know its power yet. The God's were then created with names. The God's met at a place called Ithavoll where they made shrines, forges, and tools. The God's made laws and gave life to men and their sons and made their fates. There was a war between the God's and the Wanes. The Wanes won and then the God's violated their oath to the giants. War broke out and they all fought. People had their fates of death. Thor slays a serpent and with breathing in the venom breath he dies. The whole world falls apart, but then it comes back to life ("Poetic").



"The Poetic Edda: Voluspo." Ow.ly - Shorten Urls, Share Files and Track Visits - Owly. Web. 18 Mar. 2010. .

"File:Skírnismál-748-2v.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 18 Mar. 2010. .

Viking Helmets

Why are Viking always depicted as wearing those hats with big horns on them? If they did in fact wear them, what kind of animal did they use to get them?
Vikings did not have horns on their helmets. They were only depicted that way in art. Instead of horns their hats were of hard leather with wood and metal reinforcement used for the regular troops. The chieftans had an iron helmet with a mask. The one true viking helmet was dated back to the 10th century and was made of iron.


"Viking -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 17 Mar. 2010. .

"File:Leif Ericson on the Shore of Vinland.gif -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 17 Mar. 2010. .

Edda and Heimskringla

"Edda -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 16 Mar. 2010. .

"File:Snorre Sturluson-Christian Krohg.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 16 Mar. 2010. .

"Heimskringla -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 16 Mar. 2010. .

Notes 3/16

• Middle Ages-6th Century to the 14th or 16th
• Vikings-From Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland
• As Roman became Christianized, so did the Celts
• Vikings weren't part of the empire, so they didn't practice the religion
• Weren't afraid of death; If you died on battlefield..you would go to Valhalla
• Fearless

Viking Religon/Norse Mythology

The nine worlds:

• Midgard-(where we are)
• Alfheimr-(north)-elves
• Svartalfaheim-(south)Black elves
• Vanaheimr-(East)
• Muspellheim-(East)-world of fire
• Jotunheimr(southeast)-Land of giants
• Nilfilheium-(World of Ice)-
• Asgard-(Above us)-Where the God's live
• Hel-regular afterlife
• Ginnungapap- land farthest away and no one has been there

Edda

• 2 of them
• one in prose
• story of the God's

Runes

• The alphabet
• Used them on documents and stones, diminution

Ragnarak

• The world was going ot have a huge fire and from the ashes a new city will be born

Heimskringla

• About the kings
• Written by Snorri Surlson

• River journeys and open water- Designs for ships

Vikings

Brett Farve will most likely be back. Even though he is obviously too old to be playing football, he will keep coming back like a bad cold. The Vikings, however, is a very common mascot for sports teams because Vikings are known for their fighting. In sports, it shows they are tenacious and powerful like the ancient vikings.

"Brett Favre In Minnesota Vikings Uniform On Sports Illustrated on Flickr - Photo Sharing!" Welcome to Flickr - Photo Sharing. Web. 15 Mar. 2010. .

Notes 3/15

• Hadrian builds a wall- "Hadrian's wall"- limits expansion in the north.
  Era when the expansion of the Roman Empire ENDS.
• Severn Dynasty-Septimius Severius-First African Emperor of Rome
• Caracella is assassinated...Age of the Soldier Emperor
• No one has control because everyone is killing each other..
• Diocletian comes and changes everything even the government into a Dominat (One guy puts everything in order-Tetrarchy(Rule of 4) He takes the Roman Empire and splits it in half where 2 guys control each part..One wants more power than the other and war breaks out
• Maxentius and Constantine are the two most powerful of the tetrarchy and go head to head at the battle of Milvian Bridge (Oct.28 312), Constantine wins the battle
• That morning Constantine saw a vision in the sky of a Chi ro(First 2 letters of Christ) The soldiers painted it on their shields and he won the battle...He now made Christianity legal. Before they wouldn't pay tribute to the other Gods.
• Constantine's victory gave him total control of the western Roman Empire, paving the way for Christianity as the dominant religion over Europe.
• He made the new capital of Rome Constantinople

Late Antiquity

• Era of soldier emperors
• rise of dicletiaons and tetrarchs
• rise of Constantine and new government
• rise of new capital
• Gauls, Vandals coming in to attack the city of Rome and it falls in 476

Early Christianity

• Christianity is illegal so they use the symbol of the fish.
• Use of symbols
• portrayed Jesus differently

Byzantine Age

• Ravanna is the capital
• Constantinople is the "Seat" of Byzantine Empire
• Picture: Church is strong and army is strong and Justinian has both of the, so he is VERY strong

History Being Taught in Classrooms

History can be taught in many different ways, and different learners adapt to different methods of teaching. The ways that history is taught have differed and changed throughout the years. Some ways work best in a classroom, while others do not. Methods of teaching and resources available can help make learning history a great experience.
When I walk into Western Civilization class, I know it will never be boring. We are always doing different activities such as watching gory war videos on YouTube or playing cool Egyptian games. None of my past history teachers could compare to the history teacher that I have now. Last year, my eighth grade year, was all text book work. It was so boring that I could barely keep myself awake. No one wants to go to class, open the history book, and listen to the teacher lecture. Interesting and fun activities are needed to spice up the history class.
15% of the population is kinesthetic learners ("Kinesthetic"). This means they don't learn well from listening or reading ("Kinesthetic"). Reading the text book in class isn't going to help these learners. It is very hard to concentrate on a text book for about an hour without taking a break. To help these kinesthetic learners, you should try hands-on activities, such as group projects. I believe that teachers were taught the right way to teach children, but they develop their own way of teaching, which leads to either forgetting the more effective way of teaching, or them not caring about their method of teaching. Instead of lecturing for an hour, the teacher should try to make it fun by sharing different resources about the topic. Here's an example: Maybe you are learning about Julius Caesar, the conspiracy, and the assassination. There are many great videos that show this wonderfully. One of them is from BBC history which is an animated tale of Caesar's assassination and the events that occurred after. Instead of the boring old text book, this resource is a great way to show students what happened to Julius Caesar.
BBC History also has many free online interactive games about many different topics. One of the topics is Egyptian pyramid making ("BBC"). It explains the right places and tools to use to build a pyramid. In class, games are another great teaching tool. What child doesn't love a little competitive game that involves a treat for the winner? If you just have a small game of Jeopardy, a lot more information will be absorbed than you think. They might remember certain moment in class that makes them recall the answer later.
Another interactive activity that could be tried is acting out parts of history, such as wars. The Punic Wars, at the Battle of Zama, are a great example where this might be effective. The teacher could set up the children in battle formation and ask them questions about what the general might do next. The main focus for a teacher in teaching students is to get them involved in what they are learning about. History is one of the best subjects to teach students interactively to help them see what they are learning about in a better way. Teachers need to remember not to just lecture out of a book, but show video clips online or play games. Games are not just for when you are bored, but can be used for learning too.
When talking to adults about what it was like to be taught history when they were growing up in the 1960s t0 1970s, I received a few different answers. With no computers to be used, the first PC was introduced in 1981 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer), their methods of being taught differ from how we learn today. Mary Anne Kreis said that when she was in high school, the teacher would lecture to the class, and she would take notes and make an outline. She stated, "I felt like I never really learned the history, I memorized my notes and was able to answer essay questions on tests by regurgitating my memorized notes on to the test paper." Today, there are still teachers who share information with the class in this way, but there are others who use the advancement in technology that we have by showing historically accurate videos or taking the class on the path of a war by using Google Earth. In my opinion, and in many others, the information we are being taught would be absorbed better if we are interactively learning it.
When talking to Phil Kreis, one who always loved history class, he shared a story about a teacher he remembered well from 3rd grade. He recalled, “One of my favorite history teachers was a teacher by the name of Mrs. Burnell in 3rd grade. She was the only black teacher and staff member there. She wasn't a nun, we had nuns, but she was a regular teacher.” He went on to explain a memorable experience he had in her class. “She actually took us on a trip to the Appalachian Mountains. We took food and different supplies and toys to the poor people there. We gave them a party, we had a party. She made learning very interesting with the way she taught. She was a black teacher in an all white school in Baltimore City, but she really had a way with the students and made learning really fun.” When I asked what exactly she did that made learning so fun, he could not recall exactly, but said, “I just remember that she made class very interesting and maybe that it was because for the first time I was being taught by a black person. I didn’t know what to expect, but as it turned out I really enjoyed being in her class. I remember her being very friendly, approachable, and she welcomed questions.” Mr. Kreis said that when growing up, textbooks were used in the classroom, along with pull-down maps from the blackboard. They also had some worksheets and papers available. He also had another story that he vividly remember about acting out a play about the American Revolution in the 7th grade. Remembering the play, he said, “I was George Washington. One of my classmates had a coat from his mother that was blue that looked like a colonial coat, and I wore that. To make the learning interesting, we played the parts of different people. We had lines and acted them out.” In this example, learning had become interesting, just by making it interactive. Instead of sitting in a chair and copying down notes being said, you can actually learn and take in the information in a more productive way.

From talking to others about their experiences in the classroom, to thinking about mine, I know that history can be taught in a variety of different ways, but some ways are more effective than others. In Mr. Kreis’s years of being taught history, he found them enjoyable, because he always had an interest in learning about the past. Even without technology available, he was able to really learn and enjoy learning. Mrs. Kreis, on the other hand, did not have the same methods of teaching and did not feel like she really knew or learned the information. I believe that with the resources you do or do not have, you can find a way to make learning history a good experience.

History is a wonderful and interesting topic to study. It varies in what you study, but it doesn't vary in how you can study it. Lecturing is the wrong way to go when teaching kids because they will not stay attentive and alert. Games are a great way to teach students any topic that you would like them to learn because they are having fun, but at the same time there are learning. Even without these resources, history can be a fun topic to study, if time is put in to how to teach it.

By: Emily Etkins and Jen Kreis

Works Cited
"Battle of Zama -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .
"BBC - History - Ancient History in Depth: Pyramid Challenge." BBC - Homepage. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .
"IBM Personal Computer." Wikipedia. Web. 12 Mar. 2010. ."Kinesthetic Learning -."

Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .


Picture Source:

"History Class." Flickr. Web. 12 Mar. 2010. .

Digital Flashcards

"Augustus Caesar | First Roman Emperor." Lucidcaf. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

"Tiberius." The Roman Empire. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

"Caligula -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

"Claudius." The Roman Empire. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

"Nero -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

The Arts

After the fall of the Roman Empire there was not much art. People just basically forgot about it. The Christian and Byzantine art used bright colors and displayed their pictures better. Because of this, art was brought back. Fayum portraits were paintings of heads that were put over Egyptian faces. The portrait of Justinian is with him in the center with a halo over him portraying him as the most important person. The art became more depicted and better than earlier times.

"Roman Art -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

"Byzantine Art -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

"File:Justinian Mosaik Ravenna.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 11 Mar. 2010. .

Games

http://www.mesopotamia.co.uk/warfare/challenge/cha_set.html

This is a game about the ancient weapons in Mesopotamia. In the game you are an archaeologist who is at a dig site. You match your finds to the drawing of the actual one. It tells you what each ancient is and what it is made of. This game is great to learn about all the ancient weapons the Mesopotamians used in battle.


http://www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/interactive_fs.asp?swfpath=history/egypt/egyptiangod.swf

This is a great interactive Egyptian game to learn about their Gods. All you need to do is click on a picture of the God you want to learn more about and it tells you information about it. It tells you what type of God it is and what the God is known for.

http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210200/ancient_egypt/map.html

The Egyptian Map is a great interactive site to how people they main places in Egypt. All you have to do is drag a name from the right and drop it where you think it goes. At the end you can check all your answers to see if you were right.








http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/walk/games_index.shtml
This game is about finding out which objects on a Roman street do not belong. You click on the object, and it will tell you if you are right or wrong then describe the object. I really liked how interactive it was, and how much information you received when you clicked on the object. It just enough to capture your attention and get something out of it, but not too long so you got bored.

http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/games/fling/romantrivia/index.shtml
You pick a character that will be used as a your teacher, and every time you get a question right, it builds a catapult to fling your teacher. You are asked 15 various questions on ancient Roman history. This game was good for kids because the questions were easy to understand.

http://www.nms.ac.uk/education__activities/kids_only/egyptian_tomb_adventure.aspx
In this game, you find you way to Egypt, and then must find the Tomb you are told to look for. Then, you enter the tomb and you are given directions on how to navigate throughout the tomb. I liked this game, but it was a lot of written things that needed to be read. It would have been nice to be a little more interactive.

Picture Scavenger

Pompey's Theater



Temple of Apollo



Temple of Minerva



Temple of Castor



Temple of Saturn



Temple of Mars Ultor



Chalcidicum



The Lupercal


"File:Exteriortheatreofpompey.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. .

"File:Temple of Apollo.JPG -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. .

"File:Temple of Minerva, Acropolis of Athens Engraving by William Miller after H W Williams.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. .

"File:Temple of Castor and Pollux and Temple of Vesta.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 10 Mar. 2010.
"File:4714 - Roma - Fori - Tempio Di Saturno1 - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto - 17-Mar-2008.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. .

"File:Forum Augustus.JPG -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. .

"File:Chalcidicum around Church at Troyan.JPG -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. .

"File:Altar Mars Venus Massimo Lupa.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. .

"File:Altar Mars Venus Massimo Lupa.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. .

Is Rome better off a Empire or Republic?

Rome was better off under the empire. The republic did not help Rome prosper much as it did under the rule of an emperor. Under emperors such as Julius and Augustus Caesar, they took over many countries. With the republic, Rome did not know how to manage how big it was getting, and did not know what to do about it, therefore the wealthier people became more powerful. Even while the Senate had power, there were generals, such as Pompey, growing more powerful. Rome always seemed to lead back to having an emperor.


"Roman Republic to the Roman Empire." HyperHistory.net. Web. 09 Mar. 2010. .

"File:Hw-pompey.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 09 Mar. 2010. .

History Game

Here's the link to the game:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/launch_gms_gladiator.shtml
It's a game where you dress a gladiator to fight in the arena. You learn what types of gladiators use which type of armour and fighting implements.

More on Rome

Bay of Naples was rich in soil, and had good grain. Wealthy residence had a lot of luxury on the bay. Plebeians had a lot of trouble. Optimares are the aristocratic senators. The Populares are the common people. The Gracchi brothers killing marked the first political killing and a very ominous sign. Marius and Sulla put down the rebellions going on. Both Marius and Sulla have standing armies loyal to them. The first Civil War grew annoyed at each other, so Sulla marches on Rome and pushes Marius out of Rome. He doesn't take power, but the idea that generals could lead their armies against Rome.

Julius Caesar: Born in 100 B.C. Wanted to bring back power and run for the highest office. Men running for the Consulship needed support from the patrician allies. Instead of going to the Patricians, Caesar goes to the people and wins the consulship. The senate doesn't like Caesar, so they make it bad for him. After the consul you go to be a governor. Caesar is sent to Gaul. Gaul is the middle of nowhere. He conquers all of Gaul and to Britain. The senators are a little nervous. Caesar crosses the River Rubicon and says "the dye is cast" and marches his troups down and to Rome. Rome goes behind Pompey. Caesar chases Pompey and have a decisive battle at Pharsalus. He and Mark Antony defeat them and the Popularae kill themselves. Pompey is met by a assinator in Egypt and his head is cut off. When Caesar comes he is angry and says it is disrespectful. (Shows respect that generals have for eachother) Caesar stays and has an affair with Cleopatra. She is last in line for the thrown. Caesar comes back to Italy and is met with open arms and is given more and more power.

Attitude of the Romans

• VI. 2 Marriage by `usage' (usus): If a man and woman live together continuously for a year, they are considered to be married; the woman legally is treated as the man's daughter.


Rights of fathers (paterfamilias) over the family


○ IV. 1 "A dreadfully deformed child shall be killed."


○ V. 1 "Our ancestors saw fit that "females, by reason of levity of disposition, shall remain in guardianship, even when they have attained their majority."


The Romans viewed them as lower than all men and had little rights. Table four gives the right of the fathers over the family. The Tables also say that the woman are treated as the man's daughter after living together for a year. If children are severely deformed at birth they are to be killed. There attitude toward woman and children was that they viewed that their lives were less worthy than men. The men came first above all woman and children. It was viewed almost as if the men owned the woman and children.

"THE TWELVE TABLES." California State University, Northridge. Web. 05 Mar. 2010. .

Rome Isn't So Ancient

Rome was a major city in Italy that was a huge influence on the rest of the known world in the 10th century BC for about two and a half thousand years. Over that time, it became one of the largest empires in the ancient world. Since Rome had a big influence on the rest of the world, the things that they invented and experienced have a large effect on our world now.

Government was one of the affects that Rome has on our society today. To become part of the Senate, you were elected by the people on the basis of who they liked better and would run the city better. The Roman Senate was mostly advisories. They didn't actually make the laws. They listened to the voices of the people and what the people outside of the government wanted. This was just like our modern day democracy of how the people vote for what they want.To go into office, such as a governor or president, you are elected by the people who choose the person that they think is right for the position. They choose the person that they think will help their society to improve.

The culture of Rome is similar to our culture now a day too. In Rome, they had gymnasiums, theaters, and libraries. We also have these places that we use for entertainment, just like the Romans. The Baths in Rome were sort of like their version of our malls. At the Bath's they could wash themselves, or there were stores and places to entertain themselves or just hang out with friends. Although at our malls there are not places to bathe, there are many shops and places to go to be with friends and families. The Forum was also a major place for the Romans that consisted of outside shops and entertainment. This is similar to our fairs or even our malls.

Roman technology has also influenced our world too. Romans were using cement to build their roads. The cement resulted in marble and then there was glassblowing. We still use everyone of these things today to make items such as roads or beautiful glass pieces. Romans also invented underground aqueducts to supply their water to the cities and to get water to their crops. Back then, this was a major invention that still helps us today. Rome's sanitation was excellent too. Some places had flushing toilets and indoor plumbing. If it wasn't for the Romans are sewer systems would not be like they are now.

The Ancient Olympics were competitive events that are what created our known Olympics today. The Roman Olympics happened every four years, or Olympiad, just like ours. At first the Olympics had only one event, a short sprinting race, but then it expanded to two and three men races. Other events that were added on over the years of the Olympic were boxing, wrestling, and chariot racing. Olympics now, include running, boxing, and wrestling just like the Ancient Olympics. Just like the Olympics now, they are very, very competitive.

"Livy was a Roman historian in the time of Augustus. He wrote about Romulus and Remus and their life growing up. He also told how Rome started and everything in between then and the time he died. Livy was the one to write about the famous Hannibal and the second Punic Wars in Book 21. Here is an exerpt from Book 21 by Livy: [21.1]I consider myself at liberty to commence what is only a section of my history with a prefatory remark such as most writers have placed at the very beginning of their works, namely, that the war I am about to describe is the most memorable of any that have ever been waged, I mean the war which the Carthaginians, under Hannibal's leadership, waged with Rome. No states, no nations ever met in arms greater in strength or richer in resources; these Powers themselves had never before been in so high a state of efficiency or better prepared to stand the strain of a long war; they were no strangers to each other's tactics after their experience in the first Punic War; and so variable were the fortunes and so doubtful the issue of the war that those who were ultimately victorious were in the earlier stages brought nearest to ruin. And yet, great as was their strength, the hatred they felt towards each other was almost greater. The Romans were furious with indignation because the vanquished had dared to take the offensive against their conquerors; the Carthaginians bitterly resented what they regarded as the tyrannical and rapacious conduct of Rome. The prime author of the war was Hamilcar. There was a story widely current that when, after bringing the African War to a close, he was offering sacrifices before transporting his army to Spain, the boy Hannibal, nine years old, was coaxing his father to take him with him, and his father led him up to the altar and made him swear with his hand laid on the victim that as soon as he possibly could he would show himself the enemy of Rome. The loss of Sicily and Sardinia vexed the proud spirit of the man, for he felt that the cession of Sicily had been made hastily in a spirit of despair, and that Sardinia had been filched by the Romans during the troubles in Africa, who, not content with seizing it, had imposed an indemnity as well. "
Book 21 is all about the story of Hannibal and the story of the Punic War. It describes the battle tactics that Hannibal and the Romans used to defeat Hannibal.

Rome has been through many tough times, but through it all they have invented and experienced events that will help the world to succeed in many ways like improving government and entertainment.

"Ancient Rome -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 05 Mar. 2010. .

"Ancient Olympic Games -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 05 Mar. 2010. .

"Livy -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 05 Mar. 2010. .

"Livy's History of Rome." Kennedy Assassination Home Page Index. Web. 05 Mar. 2010. .

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ancient_Olympic_Starting_Line.JPG

Herodotus,Thucydides, and Livy

Herodotus was a Greek also known as "the Father of History". He was the first person to go out and write what he saw. He tested everything that he saw to make it into a well constructed narrative. He wrote about the Persian War.

Thucydides wrote the Pelopenisian Wars. He was a scholar who wanted to get the story right. He was also known as the Father of Scientific History. He studied about human natures and why they do things they do.

Livy was a Roman historian in the time of Augustus. He wrote the history of Rome from Romulus and Remus up and till his time period. Book 21 of Livy's history of Rome is where we get the story of Hannibal and the Second Punic War.


"Herodotus -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 04 Mar. 2010. .

"Thucydides -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 04 Mar. 2010. .

"Livy -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 04 Mar. 2010. .

"File:Herodotus Massimo Inv124478.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 04 Mar. 2010. .

"File:Titus Livius.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 04 Mar. 2010. .

"File:Thucydides Pushkin01.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 04 Mar. 2010. .

Hannibal

Hannibal was one of the best Carthigian military commander. In the second Punic war he lead a marched his army through Iberia and to northern Italy. He beat Trebia, Trasimene, and Cannae. For 15 years, he controlled most of Italy until a force from North Africa forced him to go back to Carthage. Hannibal then ran for election, but his views were unpopular. He then exiled himself and fled to the Seleculid court and was a military advisor to Antiochus III. Antiochus lost his war against Rome, so Hannibal fled again to Armenia and then to Bythia where he won a great Naval victory, but it was short lived because he was betrayed by the Romans. I do not think his reputation of a monster was deserved. He was a great general that only tried to do the best for his city.

"File:HannibalTheCarthaginian.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 03 Mar. 2010. .


"Hannibal -." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 03 Mar. 2010. .

Second Punic Wars

Hannibal hates the Romans because his father told him too. They travel through Italy and people fight him to try and take him down. They arrive in Cannae southeast of Rome. The Romans outnumber the Carthaginians. The Romans go through the center and the Carthaginians surround him. 60,000 Romans died and it is still one of the major defeat of Rome. Hannibal doesn't have the supply line to seige Rome. He battles the Romas agan at Zama. He sends in war elephants, but the Romans came up a plan to stop the elephants. The Romans scared the elephants with horns. Zama is the deciding battle and the Romans are victorious. The general is Scipio Africanus. He defeats Hannibal in the last battle of the Second Punic War.

Third Punic war Scipio's son destroys Carthage and spills salt on it to make sure that nothing can be grown there.

Roman Future

The future doesn't seem to bright to live in the year 264 BCE. There wasn't much known about technology and politics, but there was a lot of culture. Romans probably only knew about war and thats probably what they lived by and not reall looking at the future. Now, technology is improving every day and can only get better. Our culture is also very diverse with our different types of people living next to eachother. In the future, we will probably use our same political system that we will expand on to make it better. Also, armies will become stronger and the balance of the world will shift with different countries siding with other countries.

"File:Colosseum-2003-07-09.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 02 Mar. 2010. .

Radio Broadcast

The Romans were able to conquer the world because of the power they were given to by the republic. The republic split up power, so no one person had control over everyone like a king. The Romans conquered the world with their strong military and good orginization. The people the Romans conquered were brought into their republic and paid taxes. Because of their strong government and military, Rome was very, very successful.




The Roman Republic. BBC RADIO 4. Web. 1 March. 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p004y26w.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Tavares.Forum.Romanum.redux.jpg

Rome

Aeneas-Last surviving warrior of Troy brings family to Africa then to Italy. Arrived at Carthage. The queen Dido and Aeneas fall in love. Wasn't part of his destiny so he leaves and Dido kills herself because she cant have him.
Latiums and Trojans have a war where the Trojans win. Make the city of Alba Longa, but Rome is not yet founded.
Romulus and Remus had sibling rivalry and declare war on each other. Romulus wins and makes the city of Rome.Alba Longa is no longer the capitol. The Etruscan's lived north of Rome and the kings ruled Rome for several generations. Tarquin the 6th rapes the wife of a Roman nobleman. He sets off a revolt in Rome to the Etruscans kings. Lucius Junius Brutus leads the revolt. He becomes the man to establish the Roman Republic in 509 B.C.
The Tribune of the Plebs- the seat where a Plebe sits in the senate. He has the Veto power.
Rome decides to march through northern Italy and conquers. If Rome conquered you, they set up a governor, person to collect taxes, and a battalion. They would also get young males from the city to join the Roman army. If they made it through 30 years then they would get a plot of land.
Epirus- the king is Pyrrhus-he decides to invade Rome. He defeated the Roman army in almost every single battle, but he cannot win the war. Pyrrhus loses to many people, so he turns around and goes back home. Rome becomes a somebody.First of Punic Wars. Three of them against Carthage.
264 B.C- Rome allies complain about Carthagians. Winds up in a war against Carthage. Whoever controls the triangle controls the trade routes. Rome finally controls it.
2nd Punic war will establish identity for next century.